当前，全球科技竞争和产业地缘化态势加剧，严重冲击了全球产供链的稳定，削弱了世界经济增长动能。面对外部复杂形势，中国着力推进高水平科技自立自强，以使命导向型创新提升国家创新体系整体效能，在深化国际科创合作、塑造开放共赢的创新格局中发挥更加积极的影响。对此，清华大学公共管理学院教授、台湾研究院副院长李应博接受《中国日报》专访，阐释了使命导向型创新对中国实现高水平科技自立自强的战略意涵。
李应博 清华大学公共管理学院教授、清华大学台湾研究院副院长
以下为文章原文及中文译文：
Strengthened self-reliance
By Li Yingbo | China Daily Global
Mission-oriented innovation for enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system is central to the country's new five-year plan
Unprecedented scientific and industrial transformation is reshaping the global order. Yet this progress is being undermined by the weaponization of technology and geopolitical rivalry, which fragments governance and stifles growth. Confronting challenges ranging from polarized value chains to technological hegemony, China has adopted mission-oriented innovation as its strategic path. Central to its 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30), this approach focuses national resources on core technological breakthroughs to ensure China's development and security, while engaging actively in global cooperation to address shared governance dilemmas.
China's mission-oriented innovation is committed to improving people's welfare and fostering coordinated economic, social and ecological progress. Guided by major national strategic needs, it leverages a new system for mobilizing national innovation resources to achieve breakthroughs in core and key technologies. As highlighted in the Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) for National Economic and Social Development, China's innovation-driven approach not only shapes the overall pattern of the country's innovation and development, but also offers valuable perspectives for resolving the dilemmas confronting modern global governance.
The 15th Five-Year Plan explicitly prioritizes the goal of "accelerating high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening", aiming for decisive breakthroughs in key and core technologies in critical fields such as integrated circuits, industrial machines and high-end instruments.
Mission-oriented innovation will play a central role in facilitating the implementation of this ambitious plan. It effectively breaks down disciplinary, institutional and regional barriers, integrates innovation resources from universities, research institutes and enterprises, and builds a cross-field, cross-level collaborative innovation system that resolves the fragmentation of innovation resource allocation across different subjects, departments and regions. More importantly, it promotes the in-depth integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain and talent chain, enabling China's innovation factors to be accurately focused on the key bottleneck technologies.
For instance, the national mission of "achieving independent and controllable development of the semiconductor industry" serves as a compelling example of China integrating its nationwide R&D forces to carry out concentrated research on key links such as electronic design automation software, lithography machines and core chips, thus gradually shaking off its dependence on external technology chains. The United States' measures of binding high-performance chip manufacturing enterprises such as TSMC to itself and hollowing out Taiwan region's chip industry capabilities are unlikely to shake China's progress in independent chip R&D. On the contrary, the continuous advancement of China's independent chip R&D will promote the transformation of the global chip industry value chain from the previous "one-way dependence" to a new direction of "multilateral coordination" in global science and technology governance.
Amid sluggish global growth, mission-oriented innovation is the cornerstone of China's high-quality development under the 15th Five-Year Plan, driving advancement in both emerging and future industries. Unlike some historical precedents of economic virtualization, China maintains an inclusive focus on the real economy, pursuing not isolated sectoral leaps but coordinated industrial progress that spreads innovation's benefits widely. Its approach prioritizes structural optimization and quality enhancement — phasing out obsolete capacity while preserving and upgrading industrial entities. China's vast and integrated industrial ecosystem ensures that traditional sectors continue to sustain livelihoods, underpin global supply chains and provide employment. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and robotics revitalize traditional manufacturing, while focused missions foster breakthroughs in strategic fields such as new energy and biomedicine. This dual drive not only creates new growth poles for the global economy but also enhances China's role in supporting worldwide economic momentum.
The 15th Five-Year Plan also emphasizes high-level opening-up, participation in global science and technology governance, and the advancement of new forms of international and regional cooperation, reflecting the traditional Chinese wisdom of "harmony without uniformity". China has established multi-tiered and multilateral platforms for scientific and technological collaboration, engaging deeply in global governance through organizations such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the World Intellectual Property Organization. It is also strengthening science and technology cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative to build a Silk Road science and technology cooperation circle.
Additionally, by leveraging regional innovation strategies — including the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Yangtze River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development zone — China is fostering globally influential science and technology innovation hubs. This enables the country to participate more actively in international mega-science programs and collaborative research networks, addressing global challenges such as climate change and public health, advancing cross-border R&D in fields such as AI and quantum technology, and enhancing industry and supply chain coordination in strategic emerging sectors such as semiconductors and new energy. These efforts help mitigate the polarization of the global value chain and counteract the disruptions to the global semiconductor industrial chain.
Meanwhile, China actively participates in the formulation of global science and technology governance rules. It takes the initiative in the work of international technical standardization organizations, puts forward proposals for the reform of the global science and technology governance system, participates in the formulation of international intellectual property rules and fosters a sound global innovation ecosystem.
To strengthen international exchange and training of scientific and technological talents, China has continuously expanded two-way international exchanges of sci-tech personnel, carried out joint education and research training with foreign universities and research institutions, hosted international forums for science and technology talents, and built a global network of sci-tech talents, providing intellectual support for global sci-tech cooperation. While promoting its own high-quality development, China is injecting sustained impetus into global scientific and technological progress, economic recovery and governance reform, and working together with the international community to address the common challenges facing human development.
新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在重塑全球格局。中国“十五五”规划纲要强调，要提升国家创新体系整体效能、全面增强自主创新能力，实现高水平科技自立自强。使命导向型创新作为实现这一目标的关键方式，有效支撑着中国统筹发展与安全格局，并为更好参与全球科技治理发挥积极作用。
使命导向型创新致力于改善民生，促进经济、社会和生态的协调进步。在重要使命驱动下，使命导向型创新打破了学科之间相互分割、制度层面存在的壁垒，以及创新要素在空间上的分割局限，对各类创新主体的创新资源，实现跨领域、多部门协同配置；从而为实现创新资源统筹和关键核心技术突破提供目标和执行路径支持。这不仅塑造国家科技创新整体优势，更为化解当下全球治理面临的普遍共性难题提供宝贵的视角。
使命导向型创新是中国国家创新体系中的制度基石，驱动着新兴产业发展和未来产业培育。中国在推动创新链、产业链、资金链、人才链深度融合衔接方面持续发力，引导创新资源和要素精准聚焦到“卡脖子”技术的攻坚工作上，全力突破技术瓶颈。以实现半导体等关键科技产业链自主可控为例，中国在电子元器件、光刻机、芯片等关键环节持续发力、稳步推进，逐步减少了对国外技术的依赖，夯实了科技自立自强基础。当面对一些国家利用地缘政治手段绑架科技产业的外部挑战时，中国自主芯片研发和产业升级不仅没有停滞，反而取得了关键的技术突破。中国半导体产业的自主可控水平不断提升，也对全球半导体产业链格局重塑起到了更加积极的作用，促进了全球科技治理向开放协同的方向转型。
与西方一些国家脱实向虚的工业化模式不同，中国始终立足实体经济，坚持包容协同发展目标，推动全产业链协同升级，广泛释放创新红利。同时，在发展过程中兼顾结构优化与质量提升，有序淘汰落后产能，而不是简单压缩或淘汰整个产业赛道。中国始终坚持实体经济和民生产业发展不放松。依托体量庞大、体系完备的产业体系和工业部门，传统产业在保障民生福祉、稳定就业中持续发挥着基础作用，对稳定全球产业链供应链也发挥了积极影响。与此同时，人工智能等新技术赋能传统制造业，升级迭代加快。而生物技术、新能源、新材料、高端装备、航空航天等一批战略性新兴产业也实现了新阶段的重要突破，成为拉动经济增长、塑造发展优势的引擎。
中国“十五五” 规划明确提出了推进高水平对外开放，深度融入全球科技治理体系，创新国际地区合作模式，体现了中华文明的“和合共生”智慧。中国政府致力于建设多层次、多边化国际科技合作平台，广泛参与全球科技治理事务。在“一带一路” 倡议下，跨国科技交流与产业协作得到推进，丝路科技合作共同体正在形成。依托粤港澳大湾区、长三角一体化、京津冀协同发展等国家级重大区域发展战略，中国加快布局建设高水平全球科技创新高地，为承接国际创新资源、对接全球研发网络提供更高水准的经济地理载体。通过主动对接国际大科学计划，中国融入全球国际科技合作网络，携手各国共同应对气候变化、公共卫生安全等全球重大挑战。中国在人工智能、量子信息等前沿领域开展国际合作研发，加强半导体、新能源、高端装备等战略性新兴产业链供应链联动协作，为有效缓解全球价值链碎片化、分化失衡问题，对冲关键领域产业链断链断供风险提供了确定性。
当前，中国积极参与全球科技治理规则体系建设，参与国际技术标准制定与行业治理协作，持续贡献全球科技治理体系改革的中国方案，为开放包容、公正有序、互利共赢的全球创新生态建设发挥重要作用。与此同时，中国持续扩大国际人才双向流动与交流合作，畅通全球科技人才互通渠道。立足自身高质量发展实践，中国在稳步推进产业升级与创新发展的基础上，不断为全球科技发展、世界经济复苏增长提供支撑，凝聚全球协同发展合力。
原文链接：
https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202604/23/WS69e9f91ba310d6866eb452ce.html
来源丨China Daily
供稿丨国际所
